— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師評估低血鈣的病人，應觀察到哪些表現？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is evaluating a client for signs of hypocalcemia. Which manifestations should the nurse expect to find? (Select all that apply.)
- APositive Trousseau's sign✓ 正解Trousseau 徵象陽性
- BPositive Chvostek's sign✓ 正解Chvostek 徵象陽性
- CMuscle twitching and tetany✓ 正解肌肉抽搐與手足搐搦
- DIncreased deep tendon reflexes✓ 正解深部腱反射亢進
- EShortened QT intervalQT 間期縮短
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血鈣導致神經肌肉過度興奮。Trousseau's 及 Chvostek's 徵象是經典表現，肌肉抽搐與腱反射亢進均與鈣離子穩定神經細胞膜的功能缺失有關。QT 間期延長（而非縮短）才是低血鈣的 ECG 變化。
Hypocalcemia causes neuromuscular hyperexcitability. Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs are classic manifestations; muscle twitching and hyperactive deep tendon reflexes are both related to the loss of calcium ion stabilization of nerve cell membranes. Prolonged (not shortened) QT interval is the characteristic ECG change in hypocalcemia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美護理教育對這些臨床徵象的要求一致，均為核心檢查指標。