護理師為慢性腎臟病初期病人規劃照護，應強調哪些飲食調整？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is planning care for a client in the early stages of chronic kidney disease. Which dietary modifications should the nurse emphasize? (Select all that apply.)
- AIncrease daily protein intake to promote muscle repair增加每日蛋白質攝取量以促進肌肉修復
- BMonitor potassium intake based on laboratory values✓ 正解根據實驗室數值監測鉀離子攝取量
- CLimit sodium consumption to reduce fluid retention✓ 正解限制鈉攝取量以減少體液滯留
- DMaintain adequate caloric intake from carbohydrates✓ 正解從碳水化合物維持充足的熱量攝取
- ERestrict fluid intake strictly to 500 mL per day嚴格限制液體攝取量至每天 500 mL
慢性腎臟病（CKD）初期護理重點在於減緩腎功能惡化。飲食調整上，需限制蛋白質以減少含氮廢物堆積（而非增加）；需根據血鉀數值調整鉀攝取，防止高血鉀；嚴格限鈉以控制血壓與水腫；確保熱量攝取充足以避免體內蛋白質異化。液體限制通常適用於末期少尿病人，初期尚未如此嚴格。這些調整需個案化，並配合定期實驗室數據監測。
In the early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), nursing priorities focus on slowing the deterioration of renal function. With regard to dietary adjustments, protein intake should be restricted to reduce the accumulation of nitrogenous waste (rather than increased); potassium intake should be adjusted based on serum potassium levels to prevent hyperkalemia; sodium should be strictly limited to control blood pressure and edema; and adequate caloric intake should be ensured to prevent the catabolism of body protein. Fluid restriction generally applies to end-stage oliguric patients and is not as strict in the early stages. These adjustments must be individualized and combined with regular laboratory monitoring.