護理師為一位活動受限病人進行身體清潔，哪項措施最能維護薦骨區域的皮膚完整性？
A nurse is providing hygiene care for an immobilized client. Which intervention best maintains skin integrity in the sacral region?
- AReposition the client every two hours✓ 正解每兩小時重新安置病人姿勢
- BMassage the reddened areas to increase circulation按摩發紅區域以增加血液循環
- CUse a donut-shaped cushion while sitting坐著時使用甜甜圈形坐墊
- DApply powder to absorb moisture塗抹粉末以吸收水分
維持皮膚完整性是長期照護的核心，關鍵在於減輕持續性壓力（Pressure Relief）。壓瘡（Pressure Injury）的形成主要是因為皮膚與皮下組織受壓，導致局部微血管血流阻斷，造成缺血與細胞壞死。每兩小時翻身是實證醫學支持的護理標準，能有效重新分配壓力，促進組織血液灌流。在進行翻身時，應同時檢查皮膚狀況，保持乾燥與清潔，並使用輔助器材（如減壓墊）以達到最佳防護效果。
Maintaining skin integrity is central to long-term care, and the key is the relief of sustained pressure. Pressure injuries form mainly because pressure on the skin and subcutaneous tissues interrupts local capillary blood flow, leading to ischemia and cellular necrosis. Repositioning the patient every two hours is an evidence-based nursing standard that effectively redistributes pressure and promotes tissue perfusion. During repositioning, the skin should be inspected, kept dry and clean, and supportive devices (such as pressure-relief mattresses) should be used to achieve the best protective effect.
在美國臨床護理中，非常強調基於實證的壓瘡預防（Evidence-based practice），幾乎所有長期臥床病人皆會納入轉位計畫（Turning schedule），且護理師會嚴格執行皮膚評估工具（如 Braden Scale）。