護理師照護胸管病人時，應採取哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
Which actions should the nurse take when caring for a client with a chest tube? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep the drainage system below the level of the client's chest✓ 正解將引流系統保持在病人胸部水平以下
- BClamp the chest tube if the client is transported若病人需搬運則夾住胸管
- CMonitor for continuous bubbling in the water seal chamber監測水封室是否有連續冒泡
- DEnsure all connections are secure and taped✓ 正解確保所有連接處牢固並用膠帶固定
- EAssess for subcutaneous emphysema around the insertion site✓ 正解評估插入部位周圍是否有皮下氣腫
胸管（Chest tube）照護重點在於維持引流系統的密閉性與單向引流功能。系統必須保持低於胸腔位置，利用重力引流並防止引流液逆流回胸腔。任何接頭處若未密封，皆可能導致氣胸復發或感染。評估皮下氣腫（Subcutaneous emphysema）可偵測空氣是否從胸腔漏至皮下組織，是評估系統完整性的重要臨床指標。
Chest tube care focuses on maintaining the integrity of a closed system and preserving one-way drainage. The drainage system must remain below the level of the chest so that gravity assists drainage and prevents backflow into the pleural space. Any unsecured connection may allow recurrence of pneumothorax or infection. Assessing for subcutaneous emphysema detects air leaking from the pleural space into subcutaneous tissue and is an important clinical indicator of system integrity.
在美國臨床，胸管接頭通常會使用醫療級防水膠帶（Taped）加強固定並形成氣密；台灣部分醫療院所可能依單位指引使用束帶（Zip tie）或特定轉接頭，但原則皆為密閉。