病人被診斷出低血鉀。護理師應識別出下列哪項心電圖變化是此電解質不平衡的常見表現？
A client is diagnosed with hypokalemia. The nurse identifies which ECG finding as a common manifestation of this electrolyte imbalance?
- AShortened QT intervalQT間期縮短
- BProminent U waves✓ 正解明顯的U波
- CTall, peaked T waves高大尖銳的T波
- DWidened QRS complexQRS波群增寬
低血鉀影響心肌細胞的再極化過程，導致心電圖上出現顯著的 U 波。高聳 T 波與高血鉀相關；QT 間期延長（而非縮短）常見於低血鈣；QRS 波增寬則與高血鉀或室內傳導阻滯有關。識別這些波型對於早期偵測致命性心律不整至關重要。
Hypokalemia affects the repolarization phase of cardiac cells, producing prominent U waves on the ECG. Tall, peaked T waves are associated with hyperkalemia; prolongation of the QT interval (rather than shortening) is commonly seen with hypocalcemia; and a widened QRS complex is associated with hyperkalemia or intraventricular conduction block. Recognition of these waveform changes is crucial for the early detection of life-threatening dysrhythmias.
台美臨床皆重視鉀離子危急值，但美國護理師對判讀 Telemetry 節律的責權通常較高，台灣常需醫囑調整補鉀。