胸管引流病人出現哪些徵象時，代表可能有漏氣？（選所有適合的）
Which assessment findings indicate that a client with a chest tube has a potential air leak? (Select all that apply.)
- AContinuous bubbling in the water seal chamber✓ 正解水封瓶內持續冒泡。
- BAbsence of tidaling in the water seal chamber水封瓶內無潮汐現象。
- CSubcutaneous emphysema near the insertion site✓ 正解插入部位附近的皮下氣腫。
- DThe chest tube drainage collection chamber is full胸管引流收集瓶已滿。
- EIncrease in serosanguinous drainage漿液血性引流增加。
胸管（Chest tube）引流系統的水封瓶（Water seal chamber）是監測胸腔氣體洩漏的關鍵。正常情況下，水封瓶會隨呼吸波動（Tidaling），但不會持續冒泡。若出現持續冒泡，代表有空氣持續進入胸腔或系統漏氣。皮下氣腫（Subcutaneous emphysema）則是因為空氣滲入皮下軟組織，觸診有爆裂感（Crepitus），是漏氣的臨床徵象。
The water-seal chamber of a chest tube drainage system is key for monitoring air leaks from the pleural space. Normally, the water seal chamber shows tidaling with respiration but does not bubble continuously. Continuous bubbling indicates ongoing air entry into the pleural cavity or a leak in the system. Subcutaneous emphysema occurs when air infiltrates the subcutaneous tissue, producing crepitus on palpation, and is a clinical sign of an air leak.