— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病人被診斷為低血鉀。護理師應監測哪些症狀？（選所有適合的）
A client is diagnosed with hypokalemia. Which symptoms should the nurse monitor for? (Select all that apply.)
- AMuscle weakness✓ 正解肌肉無力
- BCardiac dysrhythmias✓ 正解心律不整
- CDiarrhea腹瀉
- DDecreased bowel sounds✓ 正解腸音減弱
- ETall, peaked T-waves高大尖錐狀 T 波
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血鉀影響肌肉與神經傳導，導致肌肉無力、腸胃蠕動減慢（腸音減少）。心電圖表現常見 U 波出現、ST 段下降與心律不整。高 T 波（選項 E）是高血鉀的特徵；腹瀉（選項 C）常為低血鉀的「原因」，而非症狀。
Hypokalemia affects muscle and nerve conduction, producing muscle weakness and slowed gastrointestinal motility (decreased bowel sounds). ECG findings commonly include the appearance of U waves, ST-segment depression, and dysrhythmias. Tall T waves (option E) are characteristic of hyperkalemia; diarrhea (option C) is usually a cause of hypokalemia rather than a symptom of it.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台護理師皆需熟習電解質失衡的心電圖表現，但美國護理師常需更主動依賴 telemetry 監測進行評估。