— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師正在照護一位全身性紅斑狼瘡（SLE）病人。哪項發現提示可能影響腎臟的惡化？
A nurse is caring for a client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which finding indicates a potential exacerbation affecting the kidneys?
- AFatigue疲倦
- BJoint pain and stiffness關節疼痛與僵硬
- CMalar rash顴部紅疹
- DProteinuria✓ 正解蛋白尿
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
狼瘡腎炎（Lupus Nephritis）是 SLE 的常見併發症，其主要臨床表現之一是蛋白尿（proteinuria），表示腎絲球過濾功能受損。關節痛、臉頰紅疹（malar rash）和疲勞是 SLE 的常見症狀，但蛋白尿是直接與腎臟損傷相關的指標。
Proteinuria is a key indicator of lupus nephritis, reflecting glomerular damage and compromised kidney function in clients with systemic lupus erythematosus. While fatigue, joint pain, and malar rash are common manifestations of SLE, they do not specifically signify renal involvement, making proteinuria the most relevant finding for detecting a kidney exacerbation.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國有專門的風濕免疫科醫師團隊，對 SLE 的腎臟併發症監測較為系統化；台灣的照護模式也相似，但病人對於定期尿液檢查的配合度是關鍵。