— 生理適應 · HARD · MCQ —
一位頭部外傷個案出現多尿及尿比重降低。護理師懷疑尿崩症，哪項實驗室數據可證實？
A client with a head injury develops polyuria and low urine specific gravity. The nurse suspects diabetes insipidus. Which laboratory finding confirms this?
- ALow serum sodium低血清鈉
- BHigh serum osmolality✓ 正解高血漿滲透壓
- CHigh urine osmolality高尿液滲透壓
- DDecreased blood glucose血糖降低
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
尿崩症（Diabetes Insipidus）是因為抗利尿激素（ADH）不足，導致腎臟大量排尿。大量排水後，血液濃縮，因此血清滲透壓會升高（High serum osmolality）。尿液因無法濃縮而變淡，導致尿滲透壓與比重降低。
Diabetes insipidus is caused by deficient antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to large urinary water losses. Loss of free water concentrates the blood, so the serum osmolality rises (high serum osmolality). The urine, unable to be concentrated, becomes dilute, so urine osmolality and specific gravity decrease.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常需協助執行水剝奪試驗（Water deprivation test）；台灣多由內分泌專科醫師直接指揮流程。