— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一名急性胰臟炎病患出現嚴重腹痛與嘔吐，護理師最擔心下列哪項電解質不平衡？
A client with acute pancreatitis presents with severe abdominal pain and vomiting. Which electrolyte imbalance is the nurse most concerned about?
- AHypocalcemia✓ 正解低血鈣
- BHypernatremia高血鈉
- CHypomagnesemia低血鎂
- DHyperkalemia高血鉀
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性胰臟炎時，脂肪酶會分解脂肪，脂肪酸與鈣離子結合形成皂化反應，導致血鈣濃度迅速下降。低血鈣（Hypocalcemia）會引起特魯索氏徵象（Trousseau's sign）與抽搐，是急性胰臟炎的嚴重併發症，需密切監測心律與神經肌肉興奮性。
Acute pancreatitis can lead to hypocalcemia due to saponification, where fatty acids released during fat necrosis bind with calcium. This electrolyte imbalance is a serious complication that requires close monitoring for signs of neuromuscular irritability, such as Trousseau's sign or tetany.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常依監測指標直接給予靜脈鈣補充；台灣通常由住院醫師開立鈣劑醫囑後護理師再執行。