一名剛接受過手術的病人計劃進行長途飛行。為了預防深部靜脈栓塞 (DVT)，護理師應建議病人避免下列哪項行為？
A client is scheduled for a long-distance flight following a recent surgery. To prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT), the nurse should advise the client to avoid which action?
- APerforming ankle pumps every hour每小時進行踝部幫浦運動
- BDrinking plenty of water to stay hydrated多喝水以保持水分充足
- CCrossing the legs at the knees✓ 正解在膝蓋處交叉雙腿
- DWalking in the aisle periodically定期在走道上行走
預防深部靜脈栓塞（DVT）的核心在於維持血液回流與防止靜脈瘀滯。術後病人本身就處於高凝血狀態，長途飛行帶來的長時間久坐會進一步惡化血流循環。選項 C（交叉雙腿）會對膕動脈與靜脈造成局部壓迫，阻礙下肢血液回流，是 DVT 的高風險行為，必須嚴格避免。選項 A（踝部運動）與 D（走動）是促進腓腸肌幫浦作用、加速血液回流的積極措施；選項 B（補充水分）可降低血液黏稠度。護理師應指導病人識別 DVT 的早期徵兆，如單側小腿腫脹、發熱或疼痛，並強調預防勝於治療。在 Basic Care & Comfort 的框架下，護理重點在於教育病人如何透過微小的活動改變，降低嚴重的血管併發症（如肺栓塞）。臨床上也會考慮建議病人穿著彈性襪（TED hose），但最重要的仍是避免任何限制血流的姿勢。
The core of DVT prevention lies in maintaining venous return and preventing venous stasis. Postoperative clients are already in a hypercoagulable state, and prolonged sitting during a long flight further compromises blood flow. Option C (crossing the legs) compresses the popliteal artery and vein, obstructing venous return from the lower extremities, and is a high-risk behavior for DVT that must be strictly avoided. Options A (ankle pumps) and D (walking) are active measures that engage the calf muscle pump and promote venous return; option B (adequate hydration) reduces blood viscosity. The nurse should teach the client to recognize the early signs of DVT, such as unilateral calf swelling, warmth, or pain, and emphasize that prevention is preferable to treatment. The use of compression stockings (TED hose) may also be considered, but the most important action remains avoiding postures that restrict blood flow. Within the framework of Basic Care and Comfort, the focus is on teaching the client how small activity modifications can lower the risk of serious vascular complications such as pulmonary embolism.
美國護理實務對於 DVT 預防有標準化的評估量表（如 Caprini Score），且對於術後長途旅行有明確的藥物與非藥物指引。台灣臨床則更偏重於術後早期下床運動，對於出院後的旅遊建議往往依賴醫師口頭交代，護理衛教的結構化程度略有不同。