護理師教導病人搬重物的正確人體力學，病人說出下列何者代表已理解？
A nurse is teaching a client about proper body mechanics for lifting objects. Which statement by the client indicates understanding?
- AI should twist my torso to place the object我應該扭轉軀幹來放置物品
- BI should keep the object close to my center of gravity✓ 正解我應該將物品靠近我的身體重心
- CI should bend at my waist to pick up the object我應該彎腰撿起物品
- DI should keep my feet close together while lifting我在搬運時應該將雙腳併攏
正確的人體力學（Body mechanics）是預防肌肉骨骼損傷，特別是背部傷害的關鍵。護理師教導病人時，應強調以下原則：擴大支撐面，即雙腳分開站立（約與肩同寬），以增加穩定性；彎曲膝蓋和髖部，利用大腿和臀部肌肉的力量來抬舉重物，而非僅彎曲腰部；將重物盡可能靠近身體重心，如此能大幅減少施加在脊椎的壓力；保持背部挺直，避免扭轉身體。病人理解的表述應包含這些安全原則。選項 D（腳併攏）會縮小支撐面，降低穩定性；選項 C（彎腰）會增加脊椎壓力，容易受傷；選項 A（扭轉軀幹）會對椎間盤造成不均勻壓力，是常見的運動傷害原因。
Proper body mechanics are essential for preventing musculoskeletal injury, particularly back injury. When teaching clients, the nurse should emphasize the following principles: widen the base of support by standing with feet apart (approximately shoulder-width) to improve stability; bend the knees and hips and use the strength of the thigh and gluteal muscles to lift heavy objects rather than bending only at the waist; keep the load as close to the center of gravity of the body as possible to greatly reduce force on the spine; and keep the back straight while avoiding twisting. The client's understanding should reflect these safety principles. Option D (feet together) narrows the base of support and reduces stability; option C (bending at the waist) increases spinal pressure and easily causes injury; option A (twisting the trunk) creates uneven pressure on the intervertebral disks and is a common cause of exercise injury.
人體力學的基本原則在台灣與美國是相同的，都強調保護脊椎、善用腿部力量、擴大支撐面。然而，在實際教學上，美國的護理教育可能更強調「病人搬運器械」（如轉移輔助板、升降機）的使用，將其納入安全搬運的一部分。台灣在推廣這些輔助工具的同時，對於病人自行搬運的指導，仍會著重於傳統的人體力學原則。此外，美國對於預防工作相關的肌肉骨骼傷害（work-related musculoskeletal injuries）有更嚴格的法規與培訓要求，護理師在教學時可能更會連結到相關的職安議題。