一位失智症個案出現「日落症候群」。護理師應採取哪項措施？
A nurse is caring for a client with dementia who is experiencing 'sundowning syndrome.' Which action should the nurse implement?
- AIncrease the level of activities during the evening hours增加晚間的活動量
- BProvide a calm, quiet environment in the late afternoon✓ 正解在傍晚提供安靜平和的環境
- CAdminister sedative medication at 16:00 to prevent agitation於16:00給予鎮靜劑以預防躁動
- DKeep the room lights dimmed to encourage sleep調暗房間燈光以促進睡眠
日落症候群是指失智症病人在傍晚或夜晚出現躁動、混亂增加的現象。護理重點在於減少傍晚的環境刺激（如減少訪客、降低噪音）、維持固定的日常規律、適度的光照。D 錯誤，過暗會導致混亂；A 錯誤，晚間需減少刺激；C 錯誤，藥物非首選處置。
Sundowning syndrome refers to increased agitation and confusion in patients with dementia during the evening or nighttime hours. Nursing focuses on reducing environmental stimulation in the late afternoon (such as limiting visitors and reducing noise), maintaining a consistent daily routine, and providing appropriate lighting. Option D is incorrect, as overly dim lighting can increase confusion; option A is incorrect, as nighttime stimulation should be reduced; option C is incorrect, as medication is not the first-line intervention.
美國護理機構對於減少化學約束（藥物）的規範較嚴謹，台灣則常因人力限制而較早考慮藥物介入。