一位思覺失調症病人正經歷聽幻覺。護理師應包含哪些護理計畫？（選所有適合的）
A client with schizophrenia is experiencing auditory hallucinations. Which interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain a calm and structured environment✓ 正解維持平靜且有結構的環境
- BAsk the client directly what the voices are saying✓ 正解直接向病人詢問聲音的內容
- CValidate the hallucination as being real to the client確認幻覺對病人而言是真實的
- DUse reality-based activities to distract the client✓ 正解使用基於現實的活動來分散病人注意力
- EAvoid talking about the voices to prevent reinforcement避免討論幻覺以防止強化症狀
處理聽幻覺的原則為安全至上與現實導向。評估幻覺內容是為了確認是否存在攻擊性指令（command hallucinations），結構化環境可減少外部刺激，現實導向活動則能轉移個案注意力。不應「證實」幻覺為真實，但也不需過度否定，而是將焦點轉向現實。
The principles of managing auditory hallucinations are safety first and reality orientation. Assessing the content of the hallucinations is necessary to determine whether command hallucinations are present; a structured environment minimizes external stimuli; and reality-based activities help redirect the client's attention. The nurse should never validate the hallucination as real, but should also avoid excessive denial, instead shifting the focus to reality.
美國急性期照護強調短時間內將焦點轉移至現實；台灣臨床在穩定期後常結合職能治療執行上述活動。