護理師照顧一名放置胸管的病人。下列哪些發現需要通知醫師？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a chest tube. Which findings necessitate notifying the physician? (Select all that apply.)
- AContinuous bubbling in the water seal chamber✓ 正解水封瓶內持續冒泡
- B200 mL of dark red drainage in the first hour✓ 正解第一小時內有 200 mL 暗紅色引流液
- COscillation of fluid in the water seal chamber with respiration水封瓶內液體隨呼吸震盪
- DSubcutaneous emphysema around the insertion site✓ 正解插管周圍皮下氣腫
- ETidaling in the water seal chamber水封瓶內潮汐現象
胸管（Chest tube）護理重點在於監測氣胸與出血狀況。連續性氣泡表示系統漏氣，需檢查密合度；每小時 200 mL 出血量提示有活動性出血，需立即處理；皮下氣腫表示胸管密合不佳或插入位置移位。震盪與潮汐現象是正常的臨床表徵，表示肺部隨呼吸擴張。護理師應熟悉這些表徵，並能在發現異常時採取正確的處置。
Chest tube nursing focuses on monitoring for pneumothorax and bleeding. Continuous bubbling indicates a system air leak and requires inspection of connections; 200 mL of drainage per hour suggests active bleeding requiring immediate management; subcutaneous emphysema indicates poor chest tube sealing or tube displacement. Oscillation and tidaling are normal clinical findings indicating that the lung expands with respiration. The nurse should be familiar with these findings and able to take appropriate action when abnormalities arise.