在評估病人進行知情同意（Informed Consent）的能力時，需考慮哪些因素？（選所有適合的）
When assessing a client’s ability to provide informed consent, what factors must be considered? (Select all that apply.)
- AThe client's level of consciousness✓ 正解病人的意識程度
- BThe client's ability to understand the procedure and risks✓ 正解病人理解程序與風險的能力
- CThe client's cultural and language barriers✓ 正解病人的文化與語言障礙
- DThe client's current pain level✓ 正解病人目前的疼痛程度
- EThe physician's personal schedule醫師的個人行程
知情同意（Informed Consent）的核心在於病人必須在具有「決策能力（Capacity）」的前提下，充分理解治療的風險、利益與替代方案。評估時需考慮生理因素（如意識狀態、疼痛）與心理/社會因素（如語言、文化），以確保病人能做出自主決定。若病人受限於上述因素，則需尋求代理人或採取必要安全措施。
The core of informed consent is that the client must have decisional capacity and fully understand the risks, benefits, and alternatives of treatment. Assessment must consider physiological factors (such as level of consciousness and pain) as well as psychosocial factors (such as language and culture) to ensure that the client can make an autonomous decision. If the client is limited by any of these factors, a surrogate decision maker must be sought, or necessary safety measures must be taken.
美國非常強調「決策能力（Capacity）」的臨床評估，若病人無法理解，護理師必須啟動「法定代理人（Legal Representative）」或「醫療代理人（Health Care Proxy）」機制，程序極為嚴謹。