護理師準備給藥，下列哪些做法符合給藥安全原則？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer medications. Which action demonstrates the correct interpretation of a medication order to ensure client safety? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerifying the dose against a standard drug reference if the dosage seems unusual✓ 正解若劑量看似異常，應查對標準藥物參考資料以驗證劑量
- BAccepting a verbal order from a physician during a non-emergency situation在非緊急情況下接受醫師的口頭醫囑
- CClarifying with the prescriber if the medication order is incomplete or ambiguous✓ 正解若藥物醫囑不完整或含糊不清，應向開立者澄清
- DUsing two patient identifiers before administering any medication✓ 正解在給藥前使用兩項病人身分識別
- EAdministering the medication before documenting it in the electronic record在電子病歷中記錄之前先給藥
給藥安全核心在於正確識別、藥物知識確認與溝通釐清。A（確認劑量）、C（釐清醫囑）、D（雙辨識）均為防範錯誤的核心步驟。B 是錯的，因為非緊急情況應拒絕口頭醫囑，以電子醫囑為準。E 是錯的，因為應依醫院規範，通常給藥後即刻記錄，若在給藥前就先記錄會增加給藥錯誤機率。
Medication safety centers on correct identification, verification of pharmacologic knowledge, and clarifying communication. Options A (verifying the dose), C (clarifying the order), and D (using two identifiers) are core steps in preventing medication errors. Option B is incorrect, because verbal orders should be refused in non-emergency situations and electronic orders should be used instead. Option E is incorrect, because documentation should follow facility policy and is typically performed immediately after administration; documenting before administering increases the risk of medication errors.
台美皆強調給藥安全，但美國醫院電子系統強制性更高，口頭醫囑已趨近於零。