護理師正在為一位病人進行靜脈化學治療，發現發生血管外滲（extravasation）。護理師應優先採取何種措施？
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving intravenous (IV) chemotherapy. The nurse notes extravasation. Which action should the nurse take first?
- ARemove the IV catheter移除靜脈留置針
- BStop the chemotherapy infusion immediately✓ 正解立即停止化學治療輸注
- CInject an antidote into the IV line經靜脈注射解毒劑
- DApply a warm compress to the area在患部應用熱敷
化學治療藥物外滲（Extravasation）是極嚴重的醫療事故，特別是針對發泡劑（Vesicants）。第一優先行動必須是立即停止輸注，以阻斷更多藥物進入組織。隨後的操作（如回抽殘餘藥物、是否拔針、給予解毒劑）需依據醫院政策與藥物特性進行，但在停止滴注之前，任何動作都可能導致藥液進一步擴散。安全護理的核心是「先斷開來源」。
Extravasation of chemotherapy is a critical medical event, especially with vesicant agents. The first priority must be to stop the infusion immediately to prevent more drug from entering the tissues. Subsequent actions (such as aspirating residual drug, deciding whether to remove the catheter, and administering an antidote) depend on hospital policy and the specific properties of the drug, but until the infusion is stopped, any action may cause further spread of the drug. The core of safe nursing care is to 'cut off the source first.'
美國醫院針對化療藥物外滲有明確的「Extravasation Protocol」，護理師需熟悉各藥物對應的解毒劑（如 Antidote: Hyaluronidase 或 Dexrazoxane 等）。