— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師教導病人自行注射皮下胰島素。下列哪些行為顯示病人需要進一步指導？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about self-administration of subcutaneous insulin. Which actions by the client indicate a need for further instruction? (Select all that apply.)
- AInjecting into the same site consistently to ensure absorption consistency✓ 正解持續在同一部位注射，以確保吸收的一致性
- BRotating injection sites within the same anatomical area在同一解剖區域內輪替注射部位
- CMassaging the injection site vigorously after administration✓ 正解注射後用力按摩注射部位
- DCleaning the skin with an alcohol swab and letting it air dry用酒精棉片清潔皮膚並讓其自然風乾
- EPinching the skin before injecting if using a long needle若使用較長的針頭，注射前先捏起皮膚
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
胰島素注射需輪替部位（Site Rotation）以預防脂肪增生。過度按摩會加速胰島素吸收，導致低血糖風險。B 正確，同一大區內輪替可維持吸收穩定性。D 正確，酒精乾燥可預防過敏及刺痛。E 正確，捏起皮膚可避免刺入肌肉層。
Consistently injecting insulin into the same site can cause lipohypertrophy, which impairs absorption. Additionally, vigorous massage increases local blood flow and accelerates insulin absorption unpredictably, increasing hypoglycemia risk.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美皆強烈建議輪替注射部位，但美國對於糖尿病衛教（CDE）的系統性教育更為普及。