一名 45 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的客戶表現出呼吸急促、心悸和瀕死感。護理師應首先實施哪項措施？
A 45-year-old client with a history of generalized anxiety disorder presents with rapid breathing, heart palpitations, and a sense of impending doom. Which intervention is the priority for the nurse to implement?
- ATeach the client deep breathing exercises教導客戶深呼吸練習
- BAdminister the prescribed PRN anxiolytic medication給予處方的 PRN 抗焦慮藥物
- CInstruct the client to breathe into a paper bag指示客戶用紙袋呼吸
- DMaintain a calm and firm demeanor while staying with the client✓ 正解保持冷靜堅定的態度並陪伴在客戶身邊
面對恐慌發作的客戶，首要任務是提供安全且穩定的環境。護理師保持冷靜與陪伴能有效降低客戶的不安全感。紙袋呼吸法因可能導致缺氧，現已不推薦。藥物與深呼吸指導需待客戶情緒稍平復後再進行，急診介入時優先展現專業鎮靜的態度。
When caring for a client experiencing a panic attack, the priority is to provide a safe and stable environment. A calm and supportive nursing presence effectively reduces the client's sense of insecurity. Paper-bag breathing is no longer recommended because of the risk of hypoxia. Medication and deep-breathing instruction should be implemented after the client's emotions have somewhat settled; during the acute phase, professional, calm composure is the priority intervention.
美國護理師依治療計畫（Milieu therapy）重視陪伴，台灣臨床則較常直接依醫師醫囑給予抗焦慮藥物。