— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
個案被診斷為糖尿病酮酸中毒(DKA)。護理師應預期評估到什麼?
A client is diagnosed with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). What should the nurse expect to assess?
- AHypoglycemia低血糖
- BKussmaul respirations✓ 正解庫斯莫爾氏呼吸(Kussmaul respirations)
- CBradycardia心搏過緩
- DWeight gain體重增加
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
糖尿病酮酸中毒(DKA)是一種代謝性酸中毒。當體內缺乏胰島素,細胞無法利用葡萄糖,轉而分解脂肪產生酮體,導致血液酸化。為了補償代謝性酸中毒,身體會透過增加呼吸頻率與深度(Kussmaul respirations)來排出更多的二氧化碳(酸),這是 DKA 的典型徵象。此外,脫水會導致體重減輕與心跳過速。
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a form of metabolic acidosis. With insufficient insulin, cells cannot use glucose and instead break down fat to produce ketones, acidifying the blood. To compensate for the metabolic acidosis, the body increases the rate and depth of breathing (Kussmaul respirations) to blow off more carbon dioxide (acid), a classic sign of DKA. Dehydration also leads to weight loss and tachycardia.