護理師照顧一位抗利尿激素分泌失調症（SIADH）病人。哪項護理措施最重要？
A nurse is caring for a client with SIADH. Which nursing intervention is most important?
- AEncourage high fluid intake鼓勵大量攝取液體
- BAdminister diuretic therapy as needed按需給予利尿劑治療
- CRestrict daily fluid intake✓ 正解限制每日液體攝取量
- DMonitor for hypernatremia監測高血鈉
抗利尿激素分泌失調症（Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone secretion, SIADH）是一種內分泌失調，其特徵是身體過量分泌抗利尿激素（ADH），導致腎臟對水的重吸收增加，引起水分滯留，進而造成血液稀釋、低血鈉（hyponatremia）及體液容積過多（fluid volume excess）。 核心概念：ADH 的作用是促進腎小管和集合管對水的重吸收。在 SIADH 中，ADH 過量分泌導致水分滯留，稀釋了體內的鈉離子和其他溶質，造成低滲透壓狀態，可能引發腦水腫。 臨床思路：SIADH 的核心問題是「水中毒」，即體內水分過多，稀釋了電解質。因此，護理重點在於「減少水分攝入」，以幫助身體排出多餘水分，糾正低血鈉。
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone secretion (SIADH) is an endocrine disorder characterized by excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), causing increased renal water reabsorption, water retention, dilutional hyponatremia, and fluid volume excess. Core concept: ADH promotes water reabsorption in the renal tubules and collecting ducts. In SIADH, excess ADH causes water retention, diluting sodium and other solutes and producing a hypo-osmolar state that can precipitate cerebral edema. Clinical reasoning: The central problem in SIADH is 'water intoxication'—excessive body water diluting electrolytes. Therefore, nursing care focuses on 'reducing fluid intake' to help the body excrete excess water and correct hyponatremia.