— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
低血鈣病人，應預期出現哪些身體評估發現？（選所有適合的）
A client is diagnosed with hypocalcemia. What physical assessment findings are expected? (Select all that apply.)
- APositive Trousseau's sign✓ 正解Trousseau 徵象陽性
- BPositive Chvostek's sign✓ 正解Chvostek 徵象陽性
- CMuscle tremors and cramps✓ 正解肌肉震顫與痙攣
- DHypoactive bowel sounds腸鳴音減弱
- EHyperreflexia✓ 正解反射亢進
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血鈣導致神經肌肉興奮性增加。陽性 Trousseau's sign（壓迫手臂引起腕攣縮）與 Chvostek's sign（敲擊顏面神經引起抽動）是經典徵象。此外還會出現肌肉震顫、抽筋、反射亢進。腸蠕動過慢（Hypoactive bowel sounds）通常見於高血鈣。
Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability, leading to classic signs such as positive Trousseau’s and Chvostek’s signs. Clients may also exhibit muscle tremors, cramps, and hyperreflexia due to calcium deficiency. In contrast, hypoactive bowel sounds are typically associated with hypercalcemia, not hypocalcemia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師在執行體檢時會主動檢測這些徵象，台灣護理評估則較常仰賴醫師的書面診斷。