— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位頭部受傷病人出現多尿、多渴與低尿比重。護理師懷疑什麼狀況？
A client with a head injury develops polyuria, polydipsia, and low urine specific gravity. Which condition does the nurse suspect?
- ASyndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)抗利尿激素分泌不適當症候群 (SIADH)
- BAdrenal insufficiency腎上腺功能不全
- CDiabetes Mellitus糖尿病
- DDiabetes Insipidus (DI)✓ 正解尿崩症 (DI)
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
尿崩症（DI）是因後葉垂體受損導致抗利尿激素（ADH）缺乏。這會使腎臟無法濃縮尿液，造成大量稀薄尿（低尿比重）與嚴重多渴。頭部外傷常造成下視丘或腦下垂體受損而引起此病，與 SIADH 的尿液濃縮與 SIADH 的低血鈉特徵完全相反。
Effective chronic pain management involves multimodal approaches, including guided imagery and progressive muscle relaxation to reduce tension and shift focus from pain. Additionally, applying heat or cold therapy and frequent repositioning help relieve physical discomfort and pressure on painful areas.
✦ 台美臨床差異
DI 病人需要嚴格監測尿量與電解質，兩地護理師的角色皆為辨識症狀並協助醫師進行水剝奪試驗（Water Deprivation Test）。