— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師處置危害性物質，哪些被視為生物醫療廢棄物？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is disposing of hazardous material. Which items are considered biohazardous waste? (Select all that apply.)
- ABlood-soaked gauze✓ 正解沾血的紗布
- BUsed needles✓ 正解用過的針頭
- CEmpty medication vials空的藥瓶
- DBody fluids containers✓ 正解體液容器
- EDiscarded paper charts丟棄的紙本病歷
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
生物醫療廢棄物（Biohazardous waste）是指可能含有傳染性病原體、血液或其他體液的廢棄物，處理原則依據 OSHA 標準，必須放入規定的紅色生物危害袋或硬質防穿刺容器中。A、B、D 選項皆涉及體液或尖銳物，具有潛在感染風險，故屬於此類。C 選項的空藥瓶通常視為一般固體廢棄物，除非殘留藥物屬化學危害；E 選項的紙類病歷若含有病人隱私資訊，應使用碎紙機或專用機密銷毀箱處理，而非歸類為生物危害。
Biohazardous waste includes materials contaminated with blood or other potentially infectious body fluids, such as blood-soaked gauze and body fluid containers. Used needles are classified as sharps and must be disposed of in puncture-resistant containers to prevent injury and infection. Empty medication vials and paper charts do not contain infectious agents and are not considered biohazardous.