— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師為一位高齡病人進行精神狀態檢查，哪些發現提示為譫妄（delirium）而非失智症（dementia）？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is performing a mental status examination on an older adult client. Which findings indicate the presence of delirium rather than dementia? (Select all that apply.)
- ARapid onset of symptoms✓ 正解症狀快速發作
- BFluctuating level of consciousness✓ 正解意識水準波動
- CChronic, progressive memory loss慢性、漸進式記憶喪失
- DInattention and disorganized thinking✓ 正解注意力不集中與思維混亂
- EReversible underlying cause✓ 正解可逆轉的根本原因
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
譫妄（Delirium）與失智症（Dementia）在臨床表現上有顯著差異。譫妄是急性、可逆的狀態，通常伴隨意識波動（Fluctuating consciousness）與注意力極度不集中（Inattention）。失智症則是慢性、漸進式的認知退化，意識清醒但記憶力持續衰退。辨識這些差異有助於護理師找出潛在原因（如藥物、感染、電解質不平衡），並進行即時治療。
Delirium is characterized by an acute onset, fluctuating level of consciousness, inattention, and disorganized thinking, often resulting from a reversible underlying medical condition. These features distinguish it from dementia, which presents with chronic, progressive memory loss and a stable level of consciousness.