— 生理適應 · HARD · MCQ —
一位診斷為急性腎絲球腎炎的病人，護理師預期會見到哪項實驗室數據？
A client is diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis. Which laboratory finding does the nurse expect to see?
- AHypokalemia低鉀血症。
- BElevated serum creatinine✓ 正解血清肌酸酐升高。
- CPolyuria多尿。
- DDecreased blood urea nitrogen血尿素氮降低。
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性腎絲球腎炎因腎絲球過濾率（GFR）下降，導致代謝廢物堆積。血中肌酸酐（Creatinine）與尿素氮（BUN）都會升高。同時會出現蛋白尿、血尿與少尿現象，常伴隨高鉀血症（因尿量減少導致排鉀受阻），而非低鉀血症與多尿。
Acute glomerulonephritis reduces the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to the accumulation of metabolic waste products such as elevated serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). This condition is also characterized by oliguria, hematuria, proteinuria, and hyperkalemia due to impaired renal excretion, rather than polyuria or hypokalemia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣腎絲球腎炎診斷與護理照護與美國標準一致，皆強調嚴密監測電解質與水分平衡。