哪項評估結果顯示腹膜透析病人在透析後可能發展為腹膜炎？
Which assessment finding would suggest a client is developing peritonitis after a peritoneal dialysis session?
- ABlood-tinged output after the first session第一次透析後排出帶有血絲的液體
- BClear, straw-colored effluent清澈、稻草色的透析液回流
- CPoor drainage flow引流流動不佳
- DCloudy dialysate return✓ 正解透析液回流混濁
本題的核心概念是腹膜透析（peritoneal dialysis, PD）最常見且嚴重的併發症之一：腹膜炎（peritonitis）的早期識別。腹膜炎是腹膜透析病患因腹腔感染引起腹膜炎症反應，若不及時發現和治療，可能導致嚴重的敗血症，甚至危及生命。護理師必須了解腹膜炎的典型徵兆。在腹膜透析中，透析液回流液的性狀變化是判斷腹膜炎最直接且重要的指標。
Cloudy dialysate return is the most significant finding suggesting peritonitis, as it indicates the presence of white blood cells and bacteria in the peritoneal cavity. This infection is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis that requires prompt treatment to prevent sepsis. In contrast, blood-tinged output in initial sessions, clear effluent, and poor drainage due to mechanical issues are not indicative of infectious peritonitis.
美國護理師常需獨立進行透析液的快速測試；台灣則多由透析室護理師或病房護理師採檢送驗。