— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位慢性腎臟病（CKD）病人出現疲勞和呼吸困難。護理師懷疑是貧血。何項實驗室檢測結果可證實此情況？
A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is experiencing fatigue and shortness of breath. The nurse suspects anemia. Which laboratory test result would confirm this?
- ADecreased hemoglobin✓ 正解血紅素降低
- BIncreased serum creatinine血清肌酸酐升高
- CLow serum potassium低血清鉀離子
- DElevated BUNBUN 升高
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
慢性腎臟病（CKD）病人常併發貧血，主因是腎臟功能受損導致促紅血球生成素（Erythropoietin, EPO）分泌不足。EPO 是刺激骨髓製造紅血球的關鍵荷爾蒙。當紅血球產量下降，病人的血紅素（Hemoglobin）值會低於正常範圍，進而出現疲勞、呼吸困難等缺氧症狀。實驗室檢查血紅素是確診此型貧血的最直接指標。
Chronic kidney disease often leads to anemia due to decreased erythropoietin production by the kidneys, which is essential for red blood cell synthesis. Consequently, a decreased hemoglobin level is the primary laboratory indicator confirming this condition.