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生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA

護理師照護一位白血球低下(neutropenia)的病人。應執行哪些預防措施?(選所有適合的)

The nurse is caring for a client with neutropenia. Which precautions should be implemented? (Select all that apply.)

  • AEliminate fresh flowers and plants from the room✓ 正解
    移除房間內的鮮花和植物
  • BInstruct the client to avoid raw fruits and vegetables✓ 正解
    指導病人避免食用生水果和蔬菜
  • CEncourage visitors to bring home-cooked meals
    鼓勵訪客帶來家常料理
  • DPractice meticulous hand hygiene✓ 正解
    執行嚴格的洗手衛生
  • EPlace the client in a private room✓ 正解
    將病人安置於單人病房
Explanation · 中文詳解

中性粒細胞低下(neutropenia)病人因免疫防禦機制受損,極易遭受伺機性感染。護理核心在於「保護性隔離(Protective Isolation)」或稱「反向隔離(Reverse Isolation)」,旨在阻斷外源性病原體傳播。護理措施應聚焦於移除環境中的潛在細菌與黴菌來源,並透過嚴格的手部衛生管理,確保病人處於低風險環境中。

Neutropenic precautions focus on protective isolation to prevent opportunistic infections by minimizing exposure to pathogens. Key measures include eliminating plants and fresh flowers, avoiding raw produce, practicing strict hand hygiene, and placing the client in a private room.

✦ 台美臨床差異

在美國,這類病人通常會執行「中性粒細胞低下預防措施(Neutropenic Precautions)」。台灣臨床亦有嚴格的隔離規範,但美國更強調訪客的衛教與篩檢(如嚴禁有感冒症狀者進入),且對於飲食限制(如禁食生菜沙拉)的執行往往更為嚴格且一致。

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