— 生理適應 · HARD · SATA —
護理師照護一位急性腎絲球腎炎病人，預期會出現下列哪些臨床表現？（選所有適合的）
A client is diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis. Which findings should the nurse expect to assess? (Select all that apply.)
- AHematuria✓ 正解血尿
- BProteinuria✓ 正解蛋白尿
- CHypertension✓ 正解高血壓
- DPolyuria多尿
- EPeriorbital edema✓ 正解眼瞼周圍水腫
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性腎絲球腎炎導致腎過濾屏障受損，紅血球與蛋白質會漏入尿液，導致血尿（煙燻色尿）與蛋白尿。因鈉離子與水分滯留，病人常出現高血壓與眼眶周圍水腫。多尿（Polyuria）非其表現，相反地，因過濾率降低，常呈現少尿或寡尿。
Acute glomerulonephritis damages the glomerular filtration barrier, allowing red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine, producing hematuria (smoky-colored urine) and proteinuria. Due to sodium and water retention, clients commonly develop hypertension and periorbital edema. Polyuria is not characteristic; on the contrary, the reduced filtration rate often leads to oliguria.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台皆以 supportive care 為主，但台灣臨床對鏈球菌感染史的追蹤與抗生素衛教強度極高。