護理師教導病人造口護理，應包含哪些重點？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about managing a colostomy. Which information should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- AClean the skin around the stoma with mild soap and water✓ 正解用溫和肥皂和水清潔造口周圍的皮膚
- BCut the skin barrier 1/8 inch larger than the stoma✓ 正解將皮膚屏障切口比造口大 1/8 英吋
- CEmpty the pouch when it is 1/3 to 1/2 full✓ 正解當集便袋裝至 1/3 到 1/2 滿時排空
- DAvoid foods that cause gas like beans and cabbage✓ 正解避免食用易產生氣體的食物，如豆类和捲心菜
- EApply a thick layer of moisturizer to the peristomal skin在造口周圍皮膚上塗抹厚層潤膚劑
造口（Stoma）護理旨在預防周圍皮膚受損與滲漏。清潔時應使用溫和清潔劑，過度刺激會損傷皮膚。底盤開孔應略大於造口（1/8 英吋），以保護造口黏膜不受壓迫，同時避免糞便接觸皮膚造成潰爛。排泄物積聚過重會增加造口底盤的負荷，導致滲漏，故 1/3 至 1/2 滿時應排空。產氣食物會導致氣囊膨脹，造成心理困擾與滲漏風險。禁止塗抹乳液，因為油脂會影響造口底盤的黏著力。
Stoma care aims to prevent peristomal skin breakdown and leakage. The skin should be cleaned with a mild cleanser; excessive irritation damages the skin. The skin barrier should be cut slightly larger than the stoma (1/8 inch) to protect the stomal mucosa from compression while preventing stool from contacting the skin and causing breakdown. Accumulated effluent that is too heavy increases the load on the appliance and may cause leakage, so the pouch should be emptied when it is 1/3 to 1/2 full. Gas-producing foods cause the pouch to balloon, leading to psychologic discomfort and a higher risk of leakage. Moisturizers must not be applied, as oils interfere with the adhesion of the skin barrier.