— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
哪位病人有發生呼吸性酸中毒的風險？
Which client is at risk for developing respiratory acidosis?
- AA client with uncontrolled diabetes患有未控制糖尿病的客戶
- BA client on mechanical ventilation with hyperventilation接受機械通氣且過度換氣的客戶
- CA client with pneumonia✓ 正解患有肺炎的客戶
- DA client with severe vomiting嚴重嘔吐的客戶
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
呼吸性酸中毒（Respiratory Acidosis）源於 CO2 在血液中的滯留。肺炎（Pneumonia）導致肺泡發炎、滲出液堆積，造成氣體交換障礙（通氣不足），無法有效排出 CO2，進而導致血中 pH 值下降、PaCO2 上升。其他選項如糖尿病（代謝性酸中毒）、過度換氣（呼吸性鹼中毒）、嘔吐（代謝性鹼中毒）皆不屬於呼吸性酸中毒。
Respiratory acidosis results from alveolar hypoventilation, leading to the retention of carbon dioxide (CO2) and a subsequent drop in blood pH. Pneumonia impairs gas exchange through inflammation and exudate accumulation, preventing effective CO2 elimination. In contrast, uncontrolled diabetes causes metabolic acidosis, hyperventilation leads to respiratory alkalosis, and severe vomiting results in metabolic alkalosis.