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生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ

一名病患被診斷為急性胰臟炎入院,主訴嚴重的上腹痛並放射至背部。護理師應優先執行哪項處置?

A client is admitted with a diagnosis of Acute Pancreatitis. The client reports severe epigastric pain radiating to the back. Which intervention should the nurse implement as a priority?

  • AEncourage the client to sit upright and lean forward
    鼓勵病人坐直並身體前傾
  • BMaintain the client on NPO (Nothing by mouth) status✓ 正解
    維持病人禁食 (NPO) 狀態
  • CPerform a thorough abdominal assessment
    進行詳細的腹部評估
  • DAdminister intravenous morphine for pain relief
    給予靜脈注射嗎啡以緩解疼痛
Explanation · 中文詳解

急性胰臟炎的核心治療方針是「讓胰臟休息」。任何由口進入的食物或水分都會刺激膽囊收縮素分泌,進而引發胰腺外分泌,加劇胰臟自我消化的過程。因此,維持 NPO 狀態是所有處置中最能從機轉上減緩病情惡化的首要措施。雖然止痛(D)對病患舒適極為重要,且姿勢調整(A)可緩解疼痛,但若不停止進食刺激,發炎將持續進展。護理思路應鎖定在病理生理的源頭控制:停止外分泌刺激。NCLEX 中,NPO 往往是胰臟炎護理的首選關鍵。

The priority intervention for acute pancreatitis is maintaining NPO status to rest the pancreas and inhibit the secretion of digestive enzymes. This prevents further autodigestion of the pancreatic tissue, addressing the underlying pathophysiology more critically than pain management or positioning alone.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國護理指引近年來對於止痛藥物(如 Morphine vs Meperidine)的爭議已減少,不再強調 Meperidine 是唯一選擇;台灣臨床實務中,NPO 的執行非常嚴格,通常會併用鼻胃管(NG)引流來減壓。

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