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降低風險 · EASY · MCQ

護理師照護一位使用鼻胃管 (NG) 並設定為低壓間歇抽吸的病人。該病人最可能發生哪種酸鹼失衡?

A nurse is caring for a client with a nasogastric (NG) tube set to low intermittent suction. Which acid-base imbalance is this client at greatest risk for developing?

  • ARespiratory alkalosis
    呼吸性鹼中毒
  • BRespiratory acidosis
    呼吸性酸中毒
  • CMetabolic acidosis
    代謝性酸中毒
  • DMetabolic alkalosis✓ 正解
    代謝性鹼中毒
Explanation · 中文詳解

胃液含有大量的鹽酸(HCl),當病人接受鼻胃管抽吸時,大量的氫離子(H+)和氯離子(Cl-)會從體內流失。氫離子的流失會導致體內碳酸氫根(HCO3-)相對過多,進而引發代謝性鹼中毒(Metabolic alkalosis)。這與持續嘔吐導致的機轉相同。護理師在此類病人的護理中,應密切監測電解質(特別是低血鉀,因為鹼中毒常伴隨鉀離子進入細胞內)及 ABG 變化。早期識別風險(如監測抽吸量與病人意識)能預防嚴重的鹼中毒併發症。這是典型的「減少風險潛力」考題,要求護理師預見治療處置(抽吸)對生理穩定性的潛在負面影響。

Continuous nasogastric suction removes large volumes of acidic gastric secretions, leading to a significant loss of hydrogen ions and chloride. This depletion of acid results in metabolic alkalosis, characterized by an excess of bicarbonate relative to hydrogen ions. Nurses must closely monitor arterial blood gases and electrolytes, particularly potassium, as alkalosis often causes hypokalemia.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國 NCLEX 常考「上抽(嘔吐/NG)變鹼,下流(腹瀉)變酸」的邏輯。台灣實務中,護理師在監測 NG 抽吸量時,亦需注意引流量過大時對電解質報告中 K+ 與 Cl- 的影響。

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