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降低風險 · MEDIUM · MCQ

一位肝硬化病人出現下列哪項評估結果,顯示正發展為肝性腦病變?

Which assessment finding in a client with cirrhosis indicates the development of hepatic encephalopathy?

  • AJaundice
    黃疸
  • BAsterixis✓ 正解
    撲翼樣震顫
  • CAscites
    腹水
  • DPruritus
    皮膚搔癢
Explanation · 中文詳解

肝硬化病人因肝功能受損,無法有效將蛋白質代謝產生的氨(Ammonia)轉化為尿素,導致血氨升高,產生神經毒性。撲翼樣震顫(Asterixis)是肝性腦病變(Hepatic Encephalopathy)的典型神經徵兆,病人伸出手臂時會出現不由自主的拍擊樣震顫。黃疸、腹水、皮膚搔癢皆為肝硬化本身的功能衰竭表現,但並非腦病變的直接指標。

Hepatic encephalopathy occurs when damaged liver cells fail to convert ammonia into urea, leading to neurotoxicity from elevated blood ammonia levels. Asterixis, characterized by an involuntary flapping tremor when the arms are extended, is a classic neurological sign of this condition. While jaundice, ascites, and pruritus are manifestations of liver failure, they are not specific indicators of hepatic encephalopathy.

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