護理師準備對低血鉀病人靜脈輸注氯化鉀。為預防潛在危害，哪項措施最關鍵？
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride intravenously to a client with hypokalemia. Which of the following is the most critical action to prevent potential harm?
- AAssess the client's urinary output prior to administration✓ 正解給藥前評估病人的尿液排出量
- BEnsure the medication is diluted according to facility policy確保藥物依機構政策稀釋
- CVerify that the client is wearing an identification band確認病人佩戴識別手環
- DCheck the peripheral intravenous site for redness檢查周邊靜脈注射部位的紅腫情況
氯化鉀（Potassium Chloride, KCl）主要經由腎臟排泄。若病人腎功能受損（如寡尿或無尿），給予鉀離子極易導致致命性的高血鉀（Hyperkalemia），引發心律不整甚至心跳停止。因此，在給予任何鉀離子製劑前，確認尿量（Urine Output）是否至少達 30 mL/hr 是判斷腎臟排泄功能是否正常的關鍵指標，這是 NCLEX 極為重視的安全護理原則。
Potassium chloride (KCl) is mainly excreted by the kidneys. If renal function is impaired (such as oliguria or anuria), administering potassium can easily lead to life-threatening hyperkalemia, causing arrhythmias and even cardiac arrest. Therefore, before administering any potassium preparation, confirming that urine output is at least 30 mL/hr is the key indicator of normal renal excretory function – an NCLEX-emphasized safety principle.
美國臨床對於 KCl 的給藥規範極為嚴格，通常需透過輸液幫浦（Infusion Pump）且嚴禁直接靜脈推注（IV Push）。