護理師照護一位髖關節置換術後的病人。護理師採取哪項行動對於預防深層靜脈血栓（DVT）至關重要？
A nurse is caring for a client who is post-operative following a hip arthroplasty. Which action by the nurse is essential for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis?
- APlace a pillow under the knees to increase comfort在膝蓋下方放置枕頭以增加舒適度
- BEncourage the client to perform ankle pumps and foot circles✓ 正解鼓勵病人進行腳踝幫浦運動和腳部環轉運動
- CMassage the calf muscles to improve circulation按摩小腿肌肉以改善循環
- DKeep the client in a high-Fowler’s position讓病人保持高半坐臥位
髖關節術後病人因活動量減少且有手術創傷，血液處於高凝狀態。踝泵運動能收縮小腿肌肉，促進血液由靜脈回流，有效減少血栓形成。C 是錯誤動作，嚴禁按摩可能造成栓子脫落引發肺栓塞。A 會壓迫膕窩靜脈造成血液滯留。D 會導致髖關節過度屈曲，不利於人工關節穩定且影響下肢靜脈迴流。
After hip arthroplasty, clients are in a hypercoagulable state because of reduced activity and surgical trauma. Ankle pumps contract the calf muscles, promoting venous return and effectively reducing thrombus formation. Option C is incorrect: massage is contraindicated because it may dislodge a clot and cause pulmonary embolism. Option A compresses the popliteal vein and causes venous stasis. Option D causes excessive hip flexion, jeopardizes prosthesis stability, and impedes lower-extremity venous return.
台美對術後預防 DVT 均極重視，美國通常有更嚴格的早期離床 protocol（Early Ambulation），台灣臨床則常見物理治療師介入指導。