一位思覺失調症患者出現聽幻覺。護理師哪種回應最具有治療性?
A client with schizophrenia is exhibiting auditory hallucinations. Which response by the nurse is the most therapeutic?
- AWhy are you hearing these voices?你為什麼會聽到這些聲音?
- BLet's focus on reality and talk about what is happening in the room.讓我們專注於現實,談談房間裡正在發生的事。
- CThe voices are not real, so try to ignore them.那些聲音不是真的,試著忽略它們。
- DI do not hear the voices, but I understand that they are real to you.✓ 正解我聽不到那些聲音,但我理解這對你來說感覺很真實。
思覺失調症(Schizophrenia)是一種精神疾病,常伴隨幻覺(Hallucinations)等症狀。核心概念是護理師如何與出現幻覺的病人互動,以建立信任、減輕其痛苦,並引導其重返現實。 正確答案 D 是最具有治療性的回應。當病人報告聽到聲音時,護理師應承認病人主觀的體驗是真實的(「I understand that they are real to you」),同時客觀陳述自己並未聽到同樣的聲音(「I do not hear the voices」)。這種回應方式既表達了同理心,承認病人的感受,又沒有直接與病人的幻覺內容爭辯或否定,避免了衝突,有助於建立信任關係。這是精神科護理中「現實檢驗」(Reality testing)的應用。 選項 A 錯誤,直接質疑「為什麼」病人聽到聲音,可能讓病人感到被審問或壓力更大,且病人本身也無法解釋其原因。選項 C 錯誤,直接否定幻覺的存在(「The voices are not real」)並要求病人忽略,這會讓病人感到不被理解,甚至覺得護理師不相信他,可能導致關係疏離,病人也難以控制幻覺。選項 B 錯誤,雖然引導病人關注現實是治療目標之一,但在病人處於急性幻覺體驗中時,直接要求「Let's focus on reality」可能顯得唐突,且病人當下可能難以做到。應先處理其當下的痛苦與體驗,再逐步引導。
Therapeutic communication with a client experiencing auditory hallucinations acknowledges the client's subjective experience without confirming the reality of the voices. Saying 'I do not hear the voices, but I understand that they are real to you' validates feelings while keeping the nurse's grounding in shared reality. 'Why' questions feel interrogating; denying the voices outright damages the therapeutic relationship; abruptly redirecting to 'reality' dismisses the experience.