一位新進的浮動護理師正在收治一位由長期照護機構轉入、無反應的 80 歲病人。病歷內有一份合法簽署的「拒絕心肺復甦術（DNR）」醫囑。病人抵達時即無脈搏、無呼吸。病人的女兒在床邊哭喊：「請救救我父親！」護理師必須採取下列何種行動？
A newly graduated float RN is admitting an unresponsive 80-year-old client transferring from an extended care facility. The chart contains a properly executed Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order. Upon arrival, the client is found pulseless and apneic. The client's daughter is at the bedside, crying and pleading, 'Please do something to save my father!' Which action must the nurse take?
- AHonor the DNR order, withhold resuscitative measures, and provide compassionate emotional support to the daughter.✓ 正解尊重DNR醫囑，暫停復甦措施，並對女兒提供具同理心的情感支持
- BCall the hospital ethics committee before deciding whether to honor the DNR.在決定是否尊重DNR之前，呼叫醫院倫理委員會
- CBegin full cardiopulmonary resuscitation immediately because the family member at the bedside has revoked the prior order.立即開始完整的心肺復甦術，因為床邊的家屬已撤銷先前的醫囑
- DAdminister epinephrine and prepare for intubation while waiting for the physician to clarify the order.給予腎上腺素並準備插管，同時等待醫師釐清醫囑
DNR（Do Not Resuscitate）醫囑是病人於有意識能力時所做的合法自主醫療決定，具備絕對的法律效力。當病人發生心肺停止時，護理師的法定義務是「遵守 DNR，不執行胸外按壓、電擊或插管」。 家屬即使是直系血親，其口頭請求**無法**凌駕或撤銷已合法簽署的書面 DNR 醫囑。違反 DNR 進行急救等同對病人實施未經同意的醫療行為，構成「醫療毆打（medical battery）」與民事侵權。 選項 A 正確：遵守 DNR 不急救，同時提供家屬陪伴與情緒支持，這是最符合倫理與法律的做法。 選項 C 錯誤：家屬無權現場撤銷已生效的 DNR。 選項 D 錯誤：給予腎上腺素或插管準備都是急救行為，違反 DNR。 選項 B 錯誤：在病人已無生命徵象時打給倫理委員會延誤處置；DNR 是已被審查過的合法醫囑，不需重新討論。
A DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) order is a legally binding medical directive that reflects the client's autonomous decision made while competent. When the client arrests, the nurse's legal obligation is to honor the DNR—no chest compressions, no defibrillation, no intubation. A family member's verbal request, even from a direct relative at the bedside, cannot override or revoke a properly executed written DNR. Performing CPR against the DNR constitutes unauthorized medical treatment (medical battery) and is grounds for civil liability. A is correct: honor the DNR, withhold resuscitation, and provide emotional support to the daughter—this is both ethical and legal. C is incorrect: family members cannot revoke a valid DNR at the bedside. D is incorrect: epinephrine and intubation are resuscitative measures and violate the DNR. B is incorrect: the ethics committee is for unresolved conflicts, not for a clearly executed DNR; calling delays appropriate end-of-life care.
DNR 的絕對防禦。家屬在急救當下反悔要求壓胸，護士能壓嗎？絕對不行！在美國，未經法院程序，家屬的口頭眼淚不能撕毀病房紀錄裡的 DNR。這是最常被家屬提告的陷阱考題。