護理師在管理多位病人時，哪些任務適合授權給 UAP（輔助人員）？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is managing care for multiple clients. Which tasks are appropriate to delegate to a UAP? (Select all that apply.)
- AAssisting with morning hygiene care✓ 正解協助晨間衛生活動
- BMeasuring and recording intake and output✓ 正解測量並記錄出入量
- CAdjusting the infusion rate of an IV fluid調整靜脈輸液的流速
- DTransporting a client to radiology✓ 正解協助客戶轉送至放射科
- EProviding emotional support after an initial diagnosis在初次診斷後提供情感支持
授權（Delegation）是護理管理的重要技能，指將非專業護理（nursing practice）的任務委派給具備資格的輔助人員（如 UAP - Unlicensed Assistive Personnel，在台灣常稱為照服員或護理佐理員），以優化人力資源並讓專業護理師能專注於複雜的臨床評估與護理。然而，授權必須以病人安全為最高考量。 正確選項 A、B、D 皆為 UAP 可執行的常規任務。協助病人維持個人衛生（A）、記錄病人攝入與排出量（B）、以及協助病人移動（如轉送至放射科）（D）屬於標準化的照護活動，不涉及複雜的臨床判斷或專業評估。 錯誤選項 C（調整 IV 輸液速率）涉及藥物劑量與體內藥物動力學的評估，屬於護理專業的範疇，可能影響病人血行動力學或藥物療效，因此不可授權給 UAP。錯誤選項 E（提供初診斷後的心理支持）需要複雜的情緒同理、諮詢技巧及對疾病進程的理解，這超越了 UAP 的職責範圍，應由護理師執行。 臨床思路：護理師在授權前，必須評估任務的複雜性、病人的穩定性，以及受託人員的能力。安全優先：確保 UAP 在其職責範圍內執行任務，避免將涉及專業判斷或潛在風險的任務授權出去。
Delegation is an important skill in nursing management. It refers to assigning non-professional nursing tasks to qualified assistive personnel (such as UAP - Unlicensed Assistive Personnel, often called nursing aides or assistants in Taiwan) to optimize human resources and allow the professional nurse to focus on complex clinical assessment and care. However, delegation must always place patient safety as the highest consideration. The correct options A, B, and D are routine tasks that UAPs may perform. Assisting the patient with personal hygiene (A), recording the patient's intake and output (B), and helping the patient with mobility (such as transporting the patient to the radiology department) (D) are all standardized care activities that do not involve complex clinical judgment or professional assessment. The incorrect option C (adjusting the IV infusion rate) involves the evaluation of medication dosage and pharmacokinetics, falls within the scope of professional nursing practice, and may affect the patient's hemodynamics or therapeutic response; therefore, it must not be delegated to a UAP. The incorrect option E (providing psychological support after a new diagnosis) requires complex emotional empathy, counseling skills, and an understanding of disease progression, all of which exceed the scope of a UAP's responsibilities and should be performed by the nurse. Clinical reasoning: Before delegating, the nurse must evaluate the complexity of the task, the stability of the patient, and the competence of the personnel being delegated to. Safety first: ensure that the UAP performs only tasks within the scope of their role, and avoid delegating tasks that involve professional judgment or potential risk.
UAP (Unlicensed Assistive Personnel) 的概念在美國較為普及且定義明確，涵蓋照服員、醫療助理等。台灣的照服員或護理佐理員與 UAP 職責有相似之處，但美國對於 UAP 的培訓、認證及授權範圍有更系統化的規範。台灣的護理師在進行任務委派時，需更依賴對個別人員能力的判斷，而非僅憑職稱。