— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位心衰竭患者正在接受靜脈注射利尿劑（Furosemide）。下列何者最能反映該藥物具有療效？
A client with heart failure is receiving intravenous furosemide. Which finding best indicates that the medication is effective?
- AWeight loss of 0.5 kg體重減輕 0.5 kg
- BReduction in pitting edema凹陷性水腫減少
- CDecrease in blood pressure血壓下降
- DIncrease in urine output✓ 正解尿液排出量增加
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Furosemide 為袢利尿劑，其主要生理機轉是抑制腎小管對鈉與水的再吸收，因此增加尿量是藥效最直接的指標。體重減輕與水腫消退是利尿後的結果，血壓下降則是併發效應，均不如尿量增加這般即時且具臨床診斷意義。
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that works by inhibiting sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys, directly increasing urine output. Therefore, an increase in urine volume is the most immediate and reliable indicator that the medication is effectively removing excess fluid.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常需嚴格紀錄 Hourly U/O 並調整給藥頻率；台灣臨床較少要求每小時監測，多以班別總量評估。