— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師正在照護一位有氣喘病史且出現支氣管痙攣的病人。哪種藥物最可能被優先給予以緩解急性症狀？
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of asthma who is experiencing bronchospasm. Which medication is most likely to be administered first to relieve acute symptoms?
- AInhaled corticosteroid吸入性皮質類固醇
- BShort-acting beta-agonist (SABA)✓ 正解短效乙二型受體激動劑（SABA）
- CLeukotriene receptor antagonist白三烯受體拮抗劑
- DLong-acting beta-agonist (LABA)長效乙二型受體激動劑（LABA）
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
短效乙二型受體激動劑（SABA），如 Albuterol，是緩解急性支氣管痙攣的首選藥物，其作用快速，能鬆弛支氣管平滑肌。吸入性類固醇和 LABA 是長期控制藥物，LTRA 也是用於控制，非急性緩解。
Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) like albuterol are the first-line treatment for acute bronchospasm because they provide rapid bronchodilation to relieve immediate symptoms. Inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting beta-agonists, and leukotriene receptor antagonists are used for long-term management and control rather than acute rescue.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國的急診室和診所對於氣喘急性發作的標準處置流程都包含優先給予 SABA；台灣也遵循此原則，但部分地區的給藥速度可能受醫療資源影響。