一位有心衰竭病史且正接受靜脈注射呋塞米（furosemide）的病人，下列哪些發現顯示藥物有效？（選所有適合的）
The nurse is providing care to a client with a history of heart failure who is receiving intravenous furosemide. Which findings indicate the medication is effective? (Select all that apply.)
- AIncreased urinary output✓ 正解尿量增加
- BDecreased peripheral edema✓ 正解周邊水腫減少
- CReduced crackles in the lungs✓ 正解肺部囉音減少
- DStable daily weight每日體重穩定
- EImproved serum potassium level血清鉀濃度改善
呋塞米（Furosemide）是一種環利尿劑（Loop diuretic），透過抑制亨利氏環（Loop of Henle）的鈉、鉀、氯離子再吸收來達到利尿效果。判斷藥物有效性應觀察體液滯留症狀的緩解，包括尿量增加、周邊水腫消退及肺部積水減少。臨床上需監測體重，因為體重減輕是水分排除最客觀的指標。選項D錯誤是因為有效治療應導致體重下降。選項E錯誤是因為呋塞米會導致鉀離子流失，反而可能引發低血鉀，而非改善血鉀。
Effective furosemide therapy is indicated by increased urinary output, decreased peripheral edema, and reduced lung crackles due to the resolution of fluid overload. Daily weight should decrease rather than remain stable, and serum potassium levels often drop due to the drug's mechanism, making options D and E incorrect indicators of effectiveness.
美國護理實務中，針對心衰竭病人要求每日固定時間量體重（Daily weights）非常嚴格，且護理師需精確記錄並向醫師回報體重變化趨勢。