— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病人被診斷為低血鉀，護理師在評估中應觀察到哪些表現？（選所有適合的）
A client is diagnosed with hypokalemia. Which manifestations should the nurse expect to observe during assessment? (Select all that apply.)
- AMuscle weakness and cramping✓ 正解肌無力與抽筋
- BPresence of U waves on the ECG✓ 正解心電圖上出現 U 波
- CAbdominal distention and decreased bowel sounds✓ 正解腹脹與腸鳴音減弱
- DTall, tented T waves高聳、帳篷狀 T 波
- EHypoactive deep tendon reflexes✓ 正解深部肌腱反射減退
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血鉀（Hypokalemia）會導致細胞膜電位過極化，影響神經肌肉傳導與平滑肌收縮功能，進而引發一系列神經肌肉與心血管症狀。在臨床評估上，護理師應關注神經肌肉的無力與反射減弱，以及腸胃道平滑肌蠕動減慢導致的腹脹。心電圖（ECG）變化是低血鉀的典型標誌，出現 U 波是由於心肌再極化過程延長。安全優先原則下，需評估是否存在致命性心律不整及呼吸肌肉無力風險。
Hypokalemia impairs neuromuscular function, leading to muscle weakness, cramping, hypoactive deep tendon reflexes, and decreased gastrointestinal motility causing abdominal distention. Cardiac manifestations include characteristic ECG changes such as flattened T waves and prominent U waves due to prolonged repolarization.