一名糖尿病患者被發現意識喪失，血糖值為 45 mg/dL。護理師應優先採取哪項行動？
A client with diabetes mellitus is found unconscious with a blood glucose level of 45 mg/dL. Which nursing action is the priority?
- AProvide orange juice by mouth經口給予柳橙汁
- BPerform a neurological assessment進行神經系統評估
- CAdminister subcutaneous insulin皮下注射胰島素
- DAdminister intravenous dextrose 50% as ordered✓ 正解依醫囑靜脈注射 50% 葡萄糖
低血糖昏迷（Hypoglycemic coma）屬於醫療緊急狀況，需立即提升血糖以保護腦部功能。當病人意識喪失時，絕對禁止經口給予任何食物或液體，否則極易導致吸入性肺炎（Aspiration pneumonia）或呼吸道阻塞。優先處置原則（Priority）應依循 ABC（Airway, Breathing, Circulation）原則，先確保生命徵象穩定，再透過靜脈注射（IV）給予高濃度葡萄糖溶液，這是最快且最有效的糾正手段。
Hypoglycemic coma is a medical emergency requiring immediate glucose elevation to protect brain function. Because the client is unconscious, oral intake is strictly contraindicated due to the high risk of aspiration. Administering intravenous dextrose 50% is the priority intervention as it provides the fastest and most effective method to correct severe hypoglycemia.
在美國臨床實務中，D50W 靜脈推注為首選，若無靜脈通路，護理師可依醫囑給予肌肉注射升糖素（Glucagon）。台灣做法相似，但需注意在非急診單位若無 IV 建立，執行醫囑的速度與團隊合作極為關鍵。