— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
下列哪項護理介入對於預防術後肺炎最有效？
Which of the following nursing interventions is most effective in preventing pneumonia in a postoperative client?
- AMonitoring oxygen saturation levels監測血氧飽和度
- BEncouraging the use of an incentive spirometer✓ 正解鼓勵使用誘發性肺量計
- CAdministering prophylactic antibiotics給予預防性抗生素
- DEncouraging early ambulation鼓勵早期下床活動
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
術後肺炎的主因是肺部擴張不全（atelectasis）。使用誘發性肺量計（Incentive Spirometry）能鼓勵深呼吸、維持肺泡擴張並促進分泌物排出。雖早期下床（Ambulation）有助於整體恢復，但在直接預防肺部塌陷與通氣改善上，誘發性肺量計是專門設計的介入措施。
Postoperative pneumonia is primarily prevented by promoting lung expansion and clearing secretions. Using an incentive spirometer encourages deep breathing, which helps prevent atelectasis and maintains alveolar patency more effectively than monitoring or general ambulation alone.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理照護極度重視誘發性肺量計的使用率，常由護理師主導教育；台灣臨床雖普遍使用，但依從性與護理指導強度略有差異。