— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
一位護理師正在照護恐慌發作的個案。下列哪些護理措施是適當的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client experiencing a panic attack. Which interventions are appropriate for the nurse to implement? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain a calm, quiet, and non-stimulating environment✓ 正解維持平靜、安靜且無刺激的環境
- BSpeak in short, simple sentences✓ 正解使用簡短、簡單的句子說話
- CEncourage the client to discuss the reasons for the panic鼓勵病人討論恐慌的原因
- DStay with the client throughout the episode✓ 正解全程陪伴病人
- EInstruct the client to breathe into a paper bag指示病人將呼吸導入紙袋中
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
恐慌發作時個案認知功能受損，環境應降低刺激感以減少焦慮來源。護理師需陪伴在旁，並以簡短、清晰的指令進行引導（如深呼吸）。選項 C 不適當，因為此時個案無法進行理性的原因分析；選項 E 已非標準處置，過度換氣者應改用腹式呼吸而非紙袋，以防低氧血症。
During a panic attack, the nurse should maintain a calm, quiet environment and stay with the client to provide security, using short, simple sentences to aid comprehension. Cognitive discussion of triggers is ineffective during acute episodes, and paper bag rebreathing is no longer recommended due to hypoxia risks.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣臨床護理若遇恐慌發作，常優先給予抗焦慮藥物醫囑，美國則更強調非藥物的環境處置。