在精神科情境中，護理師的哪些行為展現了「自主權」的倫理原則？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following actions by a nurse reflect the implementation of the ethical principle of 'autonomy' in a psychiatric setting? (Select all that apply.)
- AProviding the client with options for their daily activity schedule✓ 正解提供病人每日活動時間表的選擇
- BEnsuring informed consent is obtained before starting new medication✓ 正解確保在開始新藥物治療前取得知情同意
- CExplaining the purpose and side effects of treatments to the client✓ 正解向病人解釋治療的目的和副作用
- DRestraining the client because they were being loud因為病人吵鬧而約束病人
- ERespecting the client's decision to refuse a group therapy session✓ 正解尊重病人拒絕團體治療課程的決定
自主權（Autonomy）意指尊重病人的選擇權與自我決定能力。提供選擇、告知治療目的與副作用（知情同意）以及尊重拒絕權，皆是落實此原則。選項 D 為侵犯權利與不當約束，違反了自主權與行善原則，除非是在病人危及安全且窮盡其他替代方案後才可考慮。
Autonomy means respecting the client's right to choose and their ability to self-determine. Providing choices, explaining the purpose and side effects of treatments (informed consent), and respecting the right to refuse all uphold this principle. Option D represents a violation of rights and inappropriate restraint, which violates both autonomy and beneficence. It should be considered only after the client poses a safety risk and all other alternatives have been exhausted.
美國非常強調知情同意的實質落實，台灣臨床護理師常因忙碌與家屬導向文化，容易代病人做決定。