一位患有吞嚥困難的病人被醫囑給予機械性軟質飲食。下列哪些食物是合適的？（選所有適合的）
A client with dysphagia is prescribed a mechanical soft diet. Which food items are appropriate for this client? (Select all that apply.)
- APancakes with syrup✓ 正解淋上糖漿的鬆餅
- BGround beef with gravy✓ 正解淋上肉汁的絞牛肉
- CRaw celery sticks生芹菜條
- DCanned peaches✓ 正解罐裝桃子
- EHard-boiled eggs水煮蛋
核心概念：機械性軟質飲食（Mechanical Soft Diet）的選擇。此飲食旨在為咀嚼或吞嚥輕度困難者提供易於咀嚼與形成的食物。正確答案分析：鬆餅加糖漿（A）質地鬆軟且濕潤，易於形成食團；絞肉拌肉汁（B）透過切碎與添加濕潤劑降低了咀嚼需求並幫助滑動；罐裝水蜜桃（D）經過加工已變軟，去皮且纖維低，屬安全範圍。錯誤選項：生西洋芹（C）含有大量堅韌纖維，極難徹底嚼碎，有窒息風險；全熟蛋（E）的蛋黃乾燥且易碎，容易造成吸入性肺炎。臨床思路：吞嚥障礙護理首重預防吸入（Aspiration），所有食物應具備「濕、軟、易成團」的特性。
A mechanical soft diet is designed for clients with mild chewing or swallowing difficulties, requiring foods that are moist, soft, and easy to form into a bolus. Appropriate choices include pancakes with syrup, ground beef with gravy, and canned peaches, as these textures minimize aspiration risk. Conversely, raw celery and hard-boiled eggs are too tough or dry and should be avoided.
美國醫院有專門的語言治療師（SLP）進行吞嚥評估並精確定義飲食分級（IDDSI標準）；台灣臨床上多由護理師觀察或復健科評估後，直接由廚房調整為「剁碎餐」或「糊食」，細節標準化程度各院不一。